What type of contamination occurs when food comes into contact with harmful microorganisms?

C. Biological contamination is the correct choice because it specifically refers to the presence and introduction of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites into food. These microorganisms can cause foodborne illnesses, which can lead to serious health issues for consumers. Biological contamination typically happens through improper food handling practices, cross-contamination from raw to cooked foods, or through the environment if food is exposed to contaminated surfaces or water.

Chemical contamination involves harmful substances such as pesticides or cleaning agents coming into contact with food, while physical contamination refers to foreign objects, such as hair or metal fragments, entering food. Environmental contamination may involve pollutants from the air, soil, or water but does not specifically address microorganisms. Understanding the distinction between these types of contamination is essential for maintaining food safety and preventing foodborne illnesses.